The solar panel is a collection of many solar cells (photovoltaic abbreviation PV) and covered with protective glass and fixed together with an aluminum alloy frame. These photovoltaic solar cells are made from the semiconductor material silicon, which is sliced ultrathinly.
Each photovoltaic cell has a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer. The negative electrode has extra electrons, and the positive electrode has holes to accommodate these electrons (you can imagine the state where the octopus balls have not been put into the pot). The electrons are moved by the built-in electric field, which creates a voltage difference, so with solar panels, we just need some energy to break the electrons out of their current binding, so they flow from the negative layer to the positive layer.
Yes, that energy source is the sun. The photons from the sun that hit Earth's surface all the time are the key to solving the problem of how solar panels work.
The energy from these photons frees the electrons in the negative pole of the photovoltaic cell from being bound by the magnetic field and makes them move, which means we now have a current that can flow, which is called the photovoltaic effect.

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